{"id":125,"date":"2010-03-07T15:41:24","date_gmt":"2010-03-07T15:41:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/projects.appropriate.is\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/?p=125"},"modified":"2018-08-24T18:29:58","modified_gmt":"2018-08-24T18:29:58","slug":"pillars-of-the-community","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/index.php\/2010\/03\/07\/pillars-of-the-community\/","title":{"rendered":"Pillars of the community"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4>In Arghandab, one of the most dangerous places in Afghanistan, US civilians are working alongside troops to build a functioning local government from scratch. They have until spring \u2013 when the Taliban return.<\/h4>\n<p>Each morning this winter, Haji Abdul Jabar has packed a flask of home-brewed green tea for work. It\u2019s not frugality; he\u2019s trying to avoid being poisoned. You can\u2019t be too careful: before leaving the house, he also straps a Smith &amp; Wesson 9mm handgun into a holster secreted in the depths of his robes. Seized with occasional fits of passion, Jabar has been known to whip out the gun during meetings. Tactics like this are not entirely out of place in his line of work: as district governor, the 65-year-old has an unenviable task \u2013 of wresting the Arghandab River Valley, one of the most dangerous places in Afghanistan, from the Taliban.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sc-columns third clearfix\">\n<div class=\"col\">\n<p>Viewed from the roof of Jabar\u2019s district headquarters, the sweep of the valley is at once beautiful \u2013 bleakly majestic \u2013 and charged with menace. A distant range of low, dun-coloured hills defines the valley\u2019s opposite flank.<\/p>\n<p>Orchards of pomegranate trees, their branches stripped bare by the cold, line the banks of a river meandering across the valley floor, dividing the east side of Arghandab from the west.<\/p>\n<p>The east is where Jabar\u2019s office is perched, and where US troops feel safer \u2013 it\u2019s the west side they call \u201cbad juju land\u201d. Insurgents use a strip of desert there to infiltrate Kandahar, the birthplace of the Taliban in the mid-1990s, and the pivot on which previous Afghan wars have turned.<\/p>\n<p>Roadside bombs hidden in the lush vineyards last year turned Arghandab into a killing field. A battalion of the 82nd Airborne Division deployed here in mid-December is hoping for better luck but a new showdown is coming. Stanley McChrystal, the Nato commander in Afghanistan, has vowed to secure Kandahar. The Taliban want it back.<\/p>\n<p>One night, one of the insurgents called the governor\u2019s mobile. \u201cHe said, \u2018I\u2019m going to kill you, you\u2019re working for the Americans,\u2019\u201d says Jabar, sitting on the carpet in his office. \u201cI said, \u2018Do whatever you can do.\u2019 Then I abused him and hung up.\u201d Jabar normally cuts a rather solemn figure. At this recollection, he laughed.<br \/>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col\">\n<div style=\"width: 336px; height: 545px; overflow: hidden;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" style=\"margin-left: -205px; margin-top: -20px;\" src=\"\/\/e.issuu.com\/embed.html#9843580\/6344889\" height=\"592\" width=\"740\" allowfullscreen=\"\" frameborder=\"0\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col\">\n<p>Jabar is not alone in his mission. Aside from the 2-508 battalion of the 82nd Airborne, two Americans have arrived in Arghandab to help out: 27-year-old Kevin Melton and 35-year-old Christopher Harich. They\u2019re part of the Obama administration\u2019s \u201ccivilian surge\u201d, announced alongside a fresh build-up of US troops.<\/p>\n<p>Working out of the whitewashed, twostorey district office, this unlikely trio aims to turn the tide of opinion in the district. They must do it before spring, when the valley will come into leaf and the Taliban fighters return from Pakistan in time for the fighting season.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cArghandab is the gate to Kandahar city,\u201d Jabar says. \u201cIf Arghandab is lost, Kandahar is also lost. It\u2019s the most important valley in Afghanistan.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Jabar, Harich and Melton have little in common but their beards. Melton, who grew up in the suburbs of Washington, is working for USAid, the US government\u2019s development agency. Hard-driving and anxious to get results, Melton juggles a raft of plans for projects from solar-powered lamps for villages to renovating a shrine clinging to a nearby mountainside. His past experience includes work in Sudan but the challenge in Arghandab trumps anything he has previously attempted. \u201cIt feels like there\u2019s no end to the day,\u201d he says. \u201cIt\u2019s physically, mentally, emotionally and intellectually exhausting.\u201d<br \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sc-columns two-thirds-and-third clearfix\">\n<div class=\"col\">\n<blockquote><p>\u2018They\u2019re saying, \u201cThis is what government is about: I can air my grievances to somebody other than the Taliban\u201d \u2019<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col\">\nHarich is a lawyer and a former marine from Louisiana who until recently worked as a policy adviser to the governor of West Virginia.<\/p>\n<p>He now represents the US State Department in Arghandab.<br \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sc-columns two-thirds-and-third clearfix\">\n<div class=\"col\">\n<div id=\"attachment_866\" style=\"width: 1010px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-866\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne072.jpg?resize=1000%2C667\" alt=\"Partners From left, at top of stairs: US State Department representative Christopher Harich; district governor Haji Abdul Jabar; Kevin Melton of USAid. Credit: Kate Holt\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-866\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne072.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne072.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne072.jpg?resize=600%2C400&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne072.jpg?resize=296%2C197&amp;ssl=1 296w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne072.jpg?resize=869%2C580&amp;ssl=1 869w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-866\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Partners From left, at top of stairs: US State Department representative Christopher Harich; district governor Haji Abdul Jabar; Kevin Melton of USAid. Credit: Kate Holt<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col\">\n\u201cI\u2019ve no doubt in my mind that we\u2019re going to have a fight this summer,\u201d he says. \u201cWhen the Taliban come back in May, are they welcomed with open arms?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Strapping on their khaki-coloured helmets and flak jackets and donning wraparound protective sunglasses whenever they leave the base, Melton and Harich bear a distinct resemblance to the US soldiers who protect them.<\/p>\n<p>Jabar, meanwhile, sports neck and wrist pouches containing Koranic charms to ward off the health risks caused by his high blood pressure. (He takes advantage of the medic in the US military base adjacent to his office for regular check-ups.)<\/p>\n<p>Both the Americans were lured by the challenge of participating in the US adventure in Afghanistan for a year. Sleeping in vacant rooms in the district office and equipped with a V-Sat internet link to keep in touch with superiors in Kandahar city \u2013 but no shower \u2013 they must figure out how to work with Jabar to build local government more or less from scratch. Harich aims to act as a \u201cmentor\u201d, helping Jabar as he works with the provincial government in Kandahar to assemble a team to govern the district of more than 55,000 people.<\/p>\n<div class=\"sc-separator type-thin\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sc-columns third clearfix\">\n<div class=\"col\">\nThere are few tougher places than Arghandab, a valley where a procession of armies have been bloodied. First came the British in the 19th century, then the Russians in the 1980s and then, last year, the 1-17 battalion of the 5th Stryker Brigade lost 21 soldiers in five months of fighting \u2013 one of the highest casualty rates any US unit has suffered in Afghanistan since 2001.<\/p>\n<p>Conscious of the rapid approach of the fighting season, Melton is drawing up plans for projects \u2013 such as rehabilitating schools and clinics \u2013 that could quickly demonstrate to the locals the benefits of siding with the government of Hamid Karzai, Afghanistan\u2019s president. He works closely with army officers to ensure the military\u2019s own plans to implement projects fit in with the wider, albeit still embryonic, attempts to bolster Jabar.<\/p>\n<p>The trio\u2019s schemes can seem like pinpricks set against the implacable valley below. So far, progress has been largely confined to Jabar\u2019s office. Since arriving late last year, Melton and Harris have renovated the district centre, installing air conditioners, curtains and carpets.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col\">\nJabar, who rarely ventured to his office from his home in Kandahar before these changes, now turns up almost every day, driving the 30-minute commute in his battered Toyota Corolla saloon with three police bodyguards, constantly wary of ambush. \u201cGetting the building is easy,\u201d says Harich. \u201cGetting a governor to come in and do some work is a little harder.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>A trickle of men with beards and turbans arrive each morning and sit along the wall of the building waiting for Jabar to arrive, shielding their eyes from the sun as it crests the crags. They come to apply for government identity cards or attend a weekly council \u2013 or shura \u2013 to discuss projects planned by Melton. \u201cThe fact that they\u2019re even discussing this stuff is mindboggling,\u201d he says. \u201cThey\u2019re saying, \u2018I can come to somebody to do something. This is what government is about: I can air my grievances to somebody other than the Taliban.\u2019\u201d<\/p>\n<p>And yet Jabar is the first to admit that his writ does not run much further than the building.<br \/>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col\">\n\u201cI don\u2019t trust the people, so I don\u2019t go out much,\u201d he says. \u201cThey may try to shoot me.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><strong>It can be tempting to measure progress in the west\u2019s war in <\/strong>Afghanistan in terms of to the Taliban \u2013 whether in capturing the movement\u2019s leaders or driving back their fighters on the battlefield.<\/p>\n<p>Last month, headlines were dominated by the arrest of Mullah Abdul Ghani Baradar, the Taliban\u2019s second-in-command, and by the big Nato offensive in the town of Marjah.<\/p>\n<p>But even if more Mullah Baradars are arrested, more military pushes launched, the Taliban may simply bide their time before once more exploiting alienation from the corrupt or absent government.<\/p>\n<p>The only way to stop that is to undertake the painstaking work of stitching together a government capable of providing more security and services than the \u201cshadow governments\u201d set up by the insurgents.<br \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sc-columns third-and-two-thirds clearfix\">\n<div class=\"col\"><div class=\"sc-separator type-thin\"><\/div>\nWestern countries have been talking for years, of course, about building governance in Afghanistan, but men such as Melton and Harich represent a renewed commitment. US officials say more than 900 US civilian officers are active in Afghanistan, compared with just 300 at the start of 2009, with more than 50 destined for Kandahar province. The hope is that this team can deliver a one- two punch that long seemed elusive by exploiting military victories to nurture functioning local government. \u201cWe have to fix governance in some nominal way or this victory won\u2019t stick,\u201d says a senior US official. But the sheer scale of the task in Arghandab alone reveals the enormity of the challenge.<\/p>\n<p>One afternoon, Harich sat with the governor on the office carpet for a lunch of stone-baked bread and spinach. As they talked, Jabar raised repeated requests: for bars of Dove soap, for boots for his bodyguards. The demands seemed reasonable enough but Harich did not immediately acquiesce. Part of his job is using the Americans\u2019 ability to open and close the aid taps to get Jabar to live up to their vision of an impartial, honest governor. But Jabar, like Afghan leaders at all levels of government, relies on a patronage system in which his friends expect to be rewarded and where the barrier between public and private money is porous.<br \/>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col\">\n<div id=\"attachment_867\" style=\"width: 1010px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-867\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne078.jpg?resize=1000%2C667\" alt=\"Vehicles out on night patrol. Credit Kate Holt\/Eyevine\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-867\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne078.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne078.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne078.jpg?resize=600%2C400&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne078.jpg?resize=296%2C197&amp;ssl=1 296w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne078.jpg?resize=869%2C580&amp;ssl=1 869w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-867\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vehicles out on night patrol. Credit Kate Holt\/Eyevine<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sc-columns third clearfix\">\n<div class=\"col\">\nLike much of Afghanistan\u2019s political class, Jabar\u2019s \u201clegitimacy\u201d comes from his role as a Mujahideen fighter in the 1980s, battling Soviet \u00adinvaders. (Arghandab witnessed heavy fighting: the Russians mounted a month-long siege but never took the valley.)<\/p>\n<p>Although governors in Afghanistan\u2019s 34 provinces have the power \u2013 in theory \u2013 to nominate district governors, US intelligence officers say Jabar owes his pre-eminence to the backing of Karimullah, the young leader of the Alakozai, an ethnic Pashtun sub-tribe dominant in the valley.<\/p>\n<p>Divisions between clans mean that Jabar is by no means a consensus candidate. In particular, <a title=\"FT - Army pins hopes for Kandahar on old foe\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ft.com\/cms\/s\/0\/54cf9eca-10e5-11df-9a9e-00144feab49a.html\" target=\"_blank\">Said Amir Mohammad Agha<\/a>, the single-most influential man on the west side of the river, resents him. US officers say Agha was once detained in Guant\u00e1namo Bay as a suspected Taliban commander. As long as Agha refuses to recognise Jabar\u2019s authority, the valley will remain divided.<br \/>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col\">\nEven on the east side, to the frustration of Melton and Harich, Jabar has yet to prove he can garner much legitimacy. Locals milling around his office mutter accusations that he skims off salaries for the few district officials who turn up to work and steers US reconstruction contracts towards his friends. \u201cHe\u2019s not a good man, he wants money and bribes,\u201d said one, reflecting comments from several visitors.<\/p>\n<p>Jabar vigorously denies such allegations \u2013 indeed, they were linked to one pistol-waving incident in a meeting with the Americans. Yet such behaviour would not be unusual in Afghanistan, where bribery lubricates the patronage-based system that Karzai and past leaders have used to hold the ethnically diverse country together. The dilemma runs through the entire project in Afghanistan. Western officials want to impose a template of efficient administration, but to do this they have little choice but to work with leaders who rely on the traditional system to survive.<br \/>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col\">\nIn Kandahar, the dilemma is acute. Afghanistan\u2019s centralised system means that Jabar is dependent on the provincial government based in the city to send officers to fill his largely empty building, but only a few have materialised. Indeed, Alakozai elders believe rivals from Karzai\u2019s Popalzai tribe are exploiting official positions in Kandahar to accumulate political and economic influence at their expense.<\/p>\n<p>There is a deeper tension. US officials often speak of putting an \u201cAfghan face\u201d on their work. They want to make it seem as if local leaders are behind improvements to bolster their standing in the eyes of their people. Yet the talk of appearances is a tacit recognition that the enterprise is, to some extent, founded on creating an illusion of an Afghan government at work, in the hope that a real administration will rapidly follow. Can such an approach succeed? Assessing this is hard when even venturing into the valley is a potentially life-threatening undertaking.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sc-columns third clearfix\">\n<div class=\"col\">\n<div id=\"attachment_868\" style=\"width: 593px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-868\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne035.jpg?resize=583%2C900\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Kate Holt\" width=\"583\" height=\"900\" class=\"size-full wp-image-868\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne035.jpg?w=583&amp;ssl=1 583w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne035.jpg?resize=194%2C300&amp;ssl=1 194w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne035.jpg?resize=375%2C580&amp;ssl=1 375w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 583px) 100vw, 583px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-868\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: Kate Holt<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col\">\n<div id=\"attachment_869\" style=\"width: 594px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-869\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne067.jpg?resize=584%2C900\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Kate Holt\" width=\"584\" height=\"900\" class=\"size-full wp-image-869\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne067.jpg?w=584&amp;ssl=1 584w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne067.jpg?resize=194%2C300&amp;ssl=1 194w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne067.jpg?resize=376%2C580&amp;ssl=1 376w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-869\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: Kate Holt<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col\">\nThe risk of attack in Arghandab is so high that during a recent week in January, Melton and Harich barely ventured from the base \u2013 apart from a brief trip in an armoured convoy to catch up with superiors in Kandahar city. Soldiers of the 82nd Airborne tend to get closer to the locals. Even a short trip out into the east side of the valley shows how close at hand the Taliban are, and how hard it will be to persuade people that they are safe enough to side with Jabar.<\/p>\n<p>The soldiers leave the base in high-wheeled armoured vehicles called Cougar M-Raps \u2013 designed to resist roadside bombs. Lieutenant Ryan Christmas, a reassuringly experienced veteran of the 82nd, gives a briefing on where the convoy should go if it gets hit by an IED. \u201cCall out what you see, gunners stay vigilant in what you\u2019re doing,\u201d he yells at his men, \u00acclustered around him before departure. \u201cIf it looks wrong and smells wrong, it \u00acprobably is wrong.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>From the bullet-proof window, a procession of mud homes that seem to grow organically from the valley floor rolled past. A few weeks before, a man had pulled out a pistol and shot and wounded two Afghan policemen near the road. These days, insurgents are targeting foot patrols to make it more dangerous to try to build up a rapport with locals.<br \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sc-columns third-and-two-thirds clearfix\">\n<div class=\"col\">\nAt a US outpost at a village called Sakari Bagh, Sergeant Donny \u00acKuehner, a 23-year-old from southern California, led a patrol through a bazaar of ramshackle stalls selling blotchy bunches of bananas dangling from strings and stacked cans of Power Stag \u2013 \u201cWorld\u2019s Finest Quality Motor Oil\u201d. Removing his helmet, Kuehner entered a petrol station owned by Haji Jhapour \u2013 the unofficial king of the bazaar \u2013 whose assistant served green tea. An Afghan policeman wearing mascara and a yellow bandana round his neck joined the circle as the two men talked, via an interpreter.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cHow do people in the bazaar feel about us being here?\u201d Kuehner asked.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe people in the bazaar are good people, they\u2019re busy doing business,\u201d Jhapour replied.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cYou heard anything lately about any kind of Taliban anywhere, or anything?\u201d Kuehner asked.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cI\u2019m so busy with my business, I don\u2019t have time to follow the Taliban \u2013 this is the job of the police,\u201d Jhapour said, gesturing to the man with the mascara. \u201cWhen people come here and buy petrol I sometimes hear news. If I hear anything, I\u2019ll let you know.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col\">\n<div id=\"attachment_870\" style=\"width: 1010px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-870\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne033.jpg?resize=1000%2C667\" alt=\"Photo Credit: Kate Holt\" width=\"1000\" height=\"667\" class=\"size-full wp-image-870\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne033.jpg?w=1000&amp;ssl=1 1000w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne033.jpg?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne033.jpg?resize=600%2C400&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne033.jpg?resize=296%2C197&amp;ssl=1 296w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne033.jpg?resize=869%2C580&amp;ssl=1 869w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-870\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: Kate Holt<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"sc-columns third clearfix\">\n<div class=\"col\">\n<p>As he walked back into the base, Kuehner confessed it was hard to know where local loyalties lay. Some of the labourers busy filling barriers with earth to build up the outpost\u2019s defences had been beaten by Taliban fighters.<\/p>\n<p>\u201cThe locals are the key to all this,\u201d Kuehner said. \u201cGetting them on our side \u2013 if we could do that \u2013 it would be leaps and bounds from where we are now.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>Such ambiguous encounters are the stuff of the daily grind of counter-insurgency, where building relationships is critical. After gradually \u00adadopting such an approach to fight the insurgency in Iraq, the US military is honing its skills in Afghanistan.<\/p>\n<p>But it is clear that soldiers can only do so much: unless a viable government emerges, their presence will have scant lasting impact. As the US faces the risk of increasingly messy conflicts in parts of Asia, Africa and the Middle East, building governance just after the fighting will be increasingly decisive.<\/p>\n<p>Critics of the approach believe the US is being sucked into an open-ended \u201cnation-building\u201d exercise in Afghanistan. Barack Obama has been careful to <a title=\"FT - Fight for hearts and minds no nearer victory\" href=\"http:\/\/www.ft.com\/cms\/s\/0\/5f6ce026-df6d-11de-98ca-00144feab49a.html\" target=\"_blank\">downplay such suggestions<\/a>, though in Arghandab, the \u00addistinction is blurry.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col\">\n<p>On the mountainside near the governor\u2019s office, women climb winding steps to a shrine set high above the valley. They whisper wishes into stones, wrap them in shimmering cloth and hang them from a pole planted in the tomb of the saint.<\/p>\n<p>The site feels forlorn. Fountains cascading down the rocks have run dry. A restaurant with a panoramic view, film-set staircases and ornamental trees lies abandoned. Turquoise tiles on the mausoleum dome are cracked.<\/p>\n<p>Clad in their body armour, Melton and Harich take a tour with the \u00adgovernor one afternoon. Melton wants to see the restaurant reopen \u2013 if a new owner can be found. There is talk of installing a pump to make the fountains flow. In the valley, a pair of US helicopters pirouette, scanning for insurgents. As the trio ambles about, an explosion sounds far off on the valley floor. It sends up a puff of grey smoke. Talk of renovation jars with the reality that the fighting season will soon resume \u2013 and the window to get anything done is closing fast.<\/p>\n<p>There is one surprise. One morning, Agha, the retired Taliban commander from the west side, decided to pay a visit. An enigmatic figure, he clutched prayer beads and produced a certificate from US forces saying he had been<br \/>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col\">\n<p>imprisoned for four months in 2004 but no longer posed a threat. He seemed to want Jabar and his crowd to knowthis. Should he decide to work with them, US officers hope for an easier year.<\/p>\n<p>Perhaps the influx of troops and resources committed by Washington may encourage men like Agha to reconsider their loyalties. But after 30 years of war, building institutions will be harder. Both the US civilians and military in Arghandab were doing their best to help Jabar establish a \u00adgovernment. But all participants seemed conscious that even their best efforts might not be enough. When Melton and Harich leave, there are no guarantees that Jabar will prosper.<\/p>\n<p>In his waistcoat pocket, the governor keeps a tin of green chewing tobacco, a medallion for \u201cexcellence\u201d given to him by the soldiers of the ill-fated 1-17, and a hand-written letter from Afghanistan\u2019s intelligence service warning of a Taliban death threat. \u201cEvery day they are killing someone,\u201d he said. Then he climbed once more into his Toyota to brave the road back to \u00adKandahar once more, taking his empty tea flask and his gun.<br \/>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In Arghandab, one of the most dangerous places in Afghanistan, US civilians are working alongside troops to build a functioning local government from scratch&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":866,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[9,6,3,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-afganistan","category-financial-times","category-south-asia","category-stories"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2010\/03\/kateholt82airborne072.jpg?fit=1000%2C667&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p4ilu4-21","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=125"}],"version-history":[{"count":133,"href":"https:\/\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1608,"href":"https:\/\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/125\/revisions\/1608"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/matthewgreenjournalism.com\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}